Clinical Whitepaper · Series No. 44
61% of Physicians Delay Therapy Over Licensing or Credentialing Fears (2026)
The Physician Help-Seeking Index 2026: how licensing, credentialing and privileging questions delay care for doctors who already know they need it.
25 min read · 5,641 words · 4 figures · 15 references
Executive summary
Physicians are not avoiding mental health care because they do not believe in it. They are avoiding the paperwork that follows it. In a clinical review of 297 physicians seen at CEREVITY between January 2025 and July 2026, 61 percent reported postponing therapy specifically because of licensing, credentialing or professional visibility concerns, and the reason given most often was fear of consequences for their career or their privileges. This is the Physician Help-Seeking Gap: a delay produced not by stigma in the abstract but by identifiable questions on identifiable forms, asked by boards, hospitals and insurers, and answered under oath.
Physicians hold licences, hospital privileges and malpractice coverage that are renewed on cycles, and several of those renewals have historically asked about mental health history rather than about current impairment.
A doctor weighing therapy is not weighing whether it would help. They are weighing whether a record of it will appear on a form they must sign, which makes the delay a rational response to a real administrative risk rather than a failure of insight.
Remove the structural exposure first: care that generates no insurance claim, no employer record and no diagnosis code travelling through a system the physician will later have to declare.
The delay collapses without any change to the physician's willingness, because the thing being avoided was never the treatment.
The problemThe barrier is a form, not a feeling§
The general account of physician help-seeking blames stigma, and stigma is real, but it is not the load-bearing barrier. The load-bearing barrier is documentary. In a nationally distributed survey of 5,829 physicians, 39.9 percent said they would be reluctant to seek formal medical care for a mental health condition because of concerns about repercussions to their medical licensure.02 The same study obtained initial licensure applications from all 51 US medical licensing jurisdictions and found that only about a third asked questions consistent with the standard of inquiring solely about current impairment.02 Physicians practising in a state where neither the initial nor the renewal application met that standard were measurably more likely to be reluctant to seek help, at an odds ratio of 1.21.02 The fear tracks the paperwork.
That pattern repeats wherever the question is asked. A survey of 2,106 female physicians found that almost half believed they had met criteria for a mental illness but had not sought treatment, and that only 6 percent of those with a formal diagnosis or course of treatment had disclosed it to their state.03 Two thirds of that sample gave a stigma-related reason for not seeking help, and fear of reporting to a licensing board sat among the leading reasons named.03 The exposure is not confined to licensure either. In a 2025 survey of more than two thousand US clinicians, half agreed that revealing a mental health diagnosis would jeopardise their ability to be hired, credentialed or privileged, and more than 40 percent reported concerns tied to professional insurance and licence renewals.08 A physician therefore faces not one disclosure point but a recurring series of them, spread across a career, each with its own form and its own signature line.
Only 6 percent of physicians with a formal mental health diagnosis had disclosed it to their state. Gold and colleagues, survey of 2,106 female physicians
The evidenceWhat the research shows§
Two bodies of evidence are used here and kept apart. The first is a clinical review of 297 consecutive physician clients seen at CEREVITY between January 2025 and July 2026, a help-seeking sample rather than a population survey, with n and date range attached to every internal figure. The second is published survey, audit and peer-reviewed research on physician help-seeking, on the wording of licensure and credentialing applications, and on the prevalence of burnout and depression in medicine. The second body matters here more than usual, because it is what turns a claim about physician reluctance into a claim about the documents producing it.
61%
delayed therapy over licensing, credentialing or professional visibility concerns
CEREVITY clinical review, n=297, 2025 to 2026
54%
named fear of career or privileging consequences as the primary reason
CEREVITY clinical review, n=297, 2025 to 2026
48%
reported that the delay lasted longer than one year
CEREVITY clinical review, n=297, 2025 to 2026
22 mo
median interval from recognising the need to a first clinical session
CEREVITY clinical review, n=297, 2025 to 2026
The internal and external figures describe the same behaviour from two directions. Our sample reports a licensing or credentialing driven delay in 61 percent of cases; the largest published physician survey on the question puts reluctance attributable to licensure at 39.9 percent across 5,829 respondents.02 The gap between those numbers is what a clinical sample is: everyone in ours eventually arrived, and the ones for whom the barrier was decisive are over-represented among people who describe a delay. The surrounding need is not in question. Physician burnout stood at 45.2 percent in the 2023 wave of the largest recurring national study, with physicians at nearly twice the odds of burnout of other US workers,10 pooled depression prevalence among resident physicians runs at 28.8 percent,11 and the standardised mortality ratio for suicide among physicians is 1.44, rising to 1.90 among women.12
The sharpest external finding is about the distance between need and contact. In a national survey of 2,603 US health care providers, 25.6 percent reported mental distress severe enough to meet diagnostic criteria for psychopathology, and among those, only 38 percent had sought care; a fifth of that severely symptomatic group said they did not need care at all.13 Confidentiality sat among the most frequently reported barriers.13 Set against that, the documentary picture has been improving but unevenly. Between 2020 and 2022 the share of initial state licence applications limiting questions to current impairment rose from 72 percent to 85 percent, while the share offering safe haven non-reporting fell from 46 percent to 42 percent and supportive language appeared on fewer applications, not more.04, 05 Renewal forms, the ones a practising physician actually meets every cycle, lag the initial applications on impairment wording.05 Our own earlier work on why doctors are reluctant to ask for help is summarised in what physicians told us about asking for help.
| Indicator | CEREVITY sample (n=297) | External evidence | Source |
|---|---|---|---|
| Delayed therapy over licensing, credentialing or visibility | 61% | 39.9% of 5,829 physicians reluctant to seek care over licensure repercussions | CEREVITY01; Dyrbye et al.02 |
| Fear of career or privileging consequences as the reason | 54% | 50% of clinicians agree disclosure jeopardises hiring, credentialing or privileges | CEREVITY01; Heart of Safety Coalition08 |
| Delay lasted longer than one year | 48% | Almost half of 2,106 female physicians believed they met criteria but had not sought treatment | CEREVITY01; Gold et al.03 |
| Median delay, recognising need to first session | 22 months | 6 to 8 years from onset to first treatment contact for mood disorders, general population | CEREVITY01; Wang et al.14 |
| Disclosure to a licensing body | Not separately scored | Only 6% of physicians with a formal diagnosis or treatment had disclosed it to their state | Gold et al.03 |
| Whether the forms justify the caution | Not separately scored | In 2022, only 3 of 55 renewal applications met all four recommended standards | Douglas et al.05 |
| Need against contact | Not separately scored | 25.6% of 2,603 providers met criteria for psychopathology; only 38% of those sought care | Papa et al.13 |
01, 02 CEREVITY clinical review, n=297, January 2025 to July 2026. Clinical, help-seeking sample; the delay and its stated reason are self-reported.
Dyrbye, L. N. et al. (2017). Mayo Clinic Proceedings, n=5,829 physicians.
04, 05 Saddawi-Konefka, D. et al. (2021). JAMA, 54 initial applications, collected July 2020.
Douglas, R. N. et al. (2023). JAMA Network Open, 55 licensing boards, initial and renewal applications, collected March to December 2022.
The frameworkA model you can name and own§
Four phases recur in the clinical sample. The model is descriptive rather than diagnostic, and it is built around a specific trap: the physician's perceived professional exposure and their actual clinical need rise together, so every month of waiting makes the decision harder to take rather than easier.
CEREVITY model
The Credentialing Delay Cycle
A four-phase description of how a physician who already knows they need care ends up waiting a year or more for it. Each phase is an administrative calculation rather than a symptom, which is what makes the cycle interruptible without any disclosure to a board or an employer.
Recognition without action
The physician identifies the problem accurately, often with more diagnostic precision than a layperson would manage, and takes no step toward care. Clinical work is unaffected and usually excellent.
Documentary calculation
The decision turns on forms rather than on symptoms. Which renewal is next, what it asks, whether an insurance claim would create a record, and what a credentialing committee would see. This is where the delay is actually manufactured.
Self-management and workaround
Informal routes are used instead: a colleague consulted off the record, self-prescription, extra service, or simply absorbing it. The problem persists and the record stays clean, which is the outcome the calculation was optimising for.
Private-pay entry or crisis
Care begins either through a route the physician judges structurally invisible, or after an event that removes the choice. In this sample the median lag from recognition to a first session was 22 months.
The clinical objective is to interrupt during phase two, while the decision is still administrative rather than acute. The useful insight is that interruption does not require the physician to disclose anything to anyone. It requires one route to care that generates no record they would later have to declare, which is a structural property of how the care is delivered rather than a promise made about it.
SCHEMATIC Schematic, not measured data.
Descriptive model derived from patterns observed in the CEREVITY clinical review, n=297, January 2025 to July 2026. The curves are illustrative and carry no units.
By professionHow it presents across roles§
The delay is one behaviour, but what the physician believes is at risk, and which form they are thinking about when they decide, changes with the seat. The three groups below are the ones represented in the CEREVITY sample.
Attending physicians in hospital and academic settings
This group shows the highest delay rates in the sample, and the reason is that they meet the most disclosure points. An employed attending renews a state licence, is re-credentialed by the hospital, is privileged by a department, and is underwritten by a malpractice carrier, and historically several of those processes have asked about mental health rather than about current impairment. The audit evidence supports the caution as a reading of the paperwork: in 2022, only 3 of 55 renewal applications met all four recommended standards, and renewal forms met the current-impairment standard less often than initial applications did.05 Hospital credentialing has been slower to move than licensure. A statewide programme in Virginia had brought 47 percent of hospitals to changed questions at the point of reporting, with a projected 67 percent on completion, which is progress and also a measure of how much of the field had not changed.07 Clinically this group presents with the classic picture: sustained output, intact technical performance, and exhaustion that has been reframed as normal for the specialty. Burnout in the profession stood at 45.2 percent in 2023, with physicians at nearly twice the odds of other US workers.10 What distinguishes the segment is that the individual has usually already done the research. They can often name their own state's licensure question from memory, which tells you the delay is not ignorance. It is compliance with a risk they have correctly identified.
Individual physician mental health care
Organizational the partnership model for medicine organizations
Department leaders, medical directors and chiefs
Leaders carry the attending's exposure plus a second problem: they administer the very processes they would have to move through. A chief who sits on a credentialing committee knows exactly what that committee sees, and a medical director who has signed off on wellness programming is unusually reluctant to appear in one. In practice this produces the narrowest help-seeking set of the three groups. Internal employee assistance routes are ruled out because the leader either supervises the people who administer them or is visible in the utilisation data. Peer support is ruled out because the peers report to them. The national picture makes clear the resulting silence is not evidence of health: 25.6 percent of surveyed providers met criteria for psychopathology while only 38 percent of that group had sought care, with confidentiality among the most cited barriers.13 Clinically this group presents late and rarely with distress as the stated reason. The presenting complaint is usually decision quality, irritability with staff, or a specific incident they handled worse than they expected to. The reframe that lands is organisational rather than personal. A leader who is untreated is a single point of failure inside a department, and treating that is a continuity measure. It is also the group for whom an external clinical route matters most, because the clinician has no reporting line into the organisation at all and therefore no standing in the structure the leader administers.
Individual clinical care for high-pressure professionals
Organizational CEREVITY's physician wellness vendor for PE-backed groups
Physicians in private and group practice
Owners face a different form. The licence question is the same, but the dominant exposures are payer credentialing, malpractice underwriting, and the practical reality that in a small practice an absence is visible to everyone including patients. Where an employed attending worries about a committee, an owner worries about a panel application and about whether anything they declare will follow the practice rather than only the person. Insurance structure compounds it. In a 2025 clinician survey, 61 percent reported that their coverage only pays for treatment delivered inside their own health system, and described the resulting privacy exposure as a moderate to prohibitive barrier; 13 percent said they had already paid out of pocket for mental health care specifically to avoid creating a paper trail.08 For owners that calculation is simpler than it is for anyone else, because they are already accustomed to paying for things directly and do not need permission to do so. Clinically this group tends to arrive earlier than department leaders but with more financial and operational strain woven into the presentation, since the practice's viability and their own capacity are the same variable. What works is treating the business pressure as clinical material rather than as context, because for an owner the two are not separable and a clinician who treats only the mood is working on half the problem.
Individual therapy for owner-operators
Organizational concierge therapy partnership
The stakesThe cost of inaction§
The first cost is borne by the physician, in the form of a condition left untreated for a median of 22 months from the point they recognised it, with 48 percent waiting longer than a year.01 The second is borne by patients and by the organisation, and it is the one that stays invisible longest, because the clinical work usually holds while the person deteriorates underneath it.
A delay measured in years, not weeks
Twenty-two months is fast against the general population, where the lag from onset to first treatment contact runs 6 to 8 years for mood disorders,14 and slow against any clinical standard a physician would apply to their own patient. It is also the single variable in this cycle that an individual, a group or a health system can shorten directly, without waiting for a board to rewrite a question. What a course of therapy does and does not mean for a renewal is set out in what physicians should know about therapy and medical board reviews.
The workaround has its own risks
Care avoided is rarely care replaced. The informal routes physicians use instead, a corridor consultation, self-treatment, or absorbing it, are unmonitored and undocumented by design. Against a professional suicide standardised mortality ratio of 1.44, rising to 1.90 among women physicians, and reported suicidal ideation of 17 percent, the tolerance for an unsupervised workaround should be low.12
An organisational exposure nobody has scored
A department whose physicians are systematically deferring care is carrying an unmeasured risk in exactly the population it can least afford to lose. Roughly four in ten physicians report being afraid, or knowing a colleague who is afraid, to seek mental health care because of questions asked on licensure, credentialing and insurance applications, and about half say they know a physician who would not seek care at all.09 That is a staffing and safety variable, not only a wellbeing one.
01, 14 CEREVITY clinical review, n=297, January 2025 to July 2026.
Wang, P. S. et al. (2005). National Comorbidity Survey Replication, n=9,282. The context bar measures a different population and interval and is shown for scale.
The solutionWhat effective care looks like§
Care for this population has to be built around the disclosure problem rather than around the symptom, because the disclosure problem is what produced the delay. That means a route that generates no insurance claim, no diagnosis code travelling to a payer and no employer record, clinicians who understand medicine well enough that a physician does not spend the first session explaining what credentialing or a morbidity and mortality conference is, formats with enough depth to reach material held for a year or more, and direct attention to the administrative decision itself. Treating the exhaustion while leaving the documentary fear unexamined addresses the symptom and leaves the mechanism running.
CEREVITY is a nationwide network of independent licensed clinicians, matched to the person and delivered by secure video on a fully private-pay basis, with no diagnosis code travelling through an insurer and no record inside an employer's systems. For this population that structure is the entire point rather than a feature, because the objection was never to the care. Sessions run in three formats and no others. The standard weekly session runs 50 minutes and carries continuity, and extended 90-minute sessions give room to material that a single hour tends to leave half-opened.
Where what needs saying has been held for a year or more, and in this sample that is 48 percent of clients, the 3-hour intensive format reaches it in one sitting rather than across a quarter of weekly appointments, which matters when the delay to care has already been measured in months. How the clinical model is structured sets out the way clinicians are matched to the pressures of a role rather than to a diagnosis alone.
ImplementationHow to put it into practice§
Four steps. The first two are for the individual physician, the second two for the group, department or health system that would rather not discover this through an absence or an incident.
- 01
Separate the clinical question from the administrative one
Ask the physician directly whether care has been deferred for documentary reasons and for how long, rather than asking how they are. It is a far more answerable question, because the decision was made consciously and can usually be dated to a specific renewal. It also surfaces the real obstacle: nearly 40 percent of physicians report reluctance tied specifically to licensure repercussions.02
- 02
Establish what the applicable forms actually ask, this year
The wording has changed materially and unevenly. Initial applications limiting questions to current impairment rose from 72 percent to 85 percent between 2020 and 2022, while renewal applications, the ones a practising physician meets, lagged behind.04, 05 A physician acting on what their state asked a decade ago may be deferring care over a question that no longer exists. Background on how board review actually works sits in private therapy for physicians who fear board scrutiny.
- 03
For organisations: audit your own credentialing application before running another campaign
Encouraging help-seeking while asking an impermissible credentialing question is a contradiction the audience can read. The applicable standard is current impairment only, with safe haven non-reporting available to physicians already in appropriate treatment.06 Verification programmes exist and are being used at scale: as of mid-2026, 44 medical licensure boards and more than 1,400 hospitals and facilities had verified that their applications carry no intrusive mental health questions.15
- 04
Offer a route with no line back to the organisation
An internal programme is structurally unable to answer the question a physician is actually asking, because the concern is the record and the record is internal. In a 2025 clinician survey, half agreed that revealing a diagnosis would jeopardise hiring, credentialing or privileging, and 13 percent had already paid out of pocket to avoid a paper trail.08 Meeting that behaviour where it already is costs less than trying to argue it down.
RecommendationsWhere to start§
Clinical
Treat the delay as the measurable outcome, not the attitude
Stigma is hard to move and harder to measure. The interval between recognising a need and reaching care is neither. It was a median of 22 months in this sample, and it responds directly to changes in structure.
Clinical
Screen for depression and anxiety rather than for burnout alone
Burnout is the accepted vocabulary in medicine and it is often doing duty for something else. Pooled depression prevalence among resident physicians runs at 28.8 percent,11 which is the population depression that does not look like depression is written for, and a burnout framing can delay an assessment that would have been straightforward.
Structural
Do not read sustained clinical performance as evidence of health
Physicians are selected and trained for function under load, so output is the last thing to fail and the worst available indicator. Nearly half the profession reported at least one symptom of burnout in 2023 while continuing to practise,10 which is the pattern burnout care built for people who cannot step away exists for.
Structural
Fix the forms and the culture in that order
Changing an application is a discrete administrative act with a known standard, and it removes a barrier that campaigns cannot. Around four in ten physicians report fear tied to these questions, and about half know a colleague who would not seek care.09 The form is the part of that you can change this quarter.
FAQCommon questions§
Where does the 61% figure come from?
Do state medical boards still ask about mental health history?
Does paying privately actually keep therapy off the record?
How does private-pay billing work?
How is my privacy protected?
MethodologyHow this paper was built§
Methodology
This Index has two components, reported separately throughout, and no figure from one is used to support a claim about the other. The clinical component is a review of consecutive physician clients seen through CEREVITY between 1 January 2025 and 31 July 2026. After inclusion criteria were applied, active clinical practice as a licensed physician and sufficient clinical contact for the relevant variables to be assessed, 297 clients remained. Variables were recorded from structured intake and clinician-documented review: whether therapy had been postponed for reasons the client attributed to licensing, credentialing or professional visibility, the stated primary reason, the duration of the postponement, and the interval between first recognising the need and a first clinical session. The external component draws on survey, audit and peer-reviewed research identified through PubMed, Europe PMC and Google Scholar and through direct retrieval from publishing organisations, covering 2005 to 2026. Sample sizes are stated wherever a source is used: Dyrbye and colleagues (n=5,829 physicians, plus licensure forms from all 51 US jurisdictions), Gold and colleagues (n=2,106 female physicians), Saddawi-Konefka and colleagues (54 initial applications), Douglas and colleagues (55 licensing boards, initial and renewal forms), Simmons and colleagues (110 Virginia hospitals), the Heart of Safety Coalition survey (2,016 clinicians, fielded January to February 2025), the Physicians Foundation survey (n=1,723), Shanafelt and colleagues (n=7,643), Mata and colleagues (54 studies, 17,560 individuals), Dutheil and colleagues (systematic review and meta-analysis), Papa and colleagues (n=2,603) and Wang and colleagues (n=9,282). Limitations are material. The CEREVITY sample is clinical and help-seeking and cannot support a prevalence claim about physicians generally; people who reach a clinician may have deferred care more, or less, than those who do not. The delay and its reason are self-reported and reported retrospectively, and the attribution to licensing or credentialing is the physician's own rather than an observed cause. Two of the external sources, the Heart of Safety Coalition survey and the Physicians Foundation survey, are organisational research rather than peer-reviewed studies and are labelled as such wherever used. The Mata meta-analysis covers resident physicians and is not generalised here to practising physicians. The Wang comparator is a general-population figure included for scale, not as a matched control. No board-side or credentialing-committee data were collected, so this paper describes what physicians believe about those processes and not what any board or committee would do. Nothing here is legal advice, and disclosure obligations vary by jurisdiction and by employer.
References
- 01CEREVITY. (2026). Physician Help-Seeking Index: clinical review of 297 consecutive physician clients, January 2025 to July 2026. Internal clinical data, not publicly posted.
- 02Dyrbye, L. N., West, C. P., Sinsky, C. A., Goeders, L. E., Satele, D. V., and Shanafelt, T. D. (2017). Medical licensure questions and physician reluctance to seek care for mental health conditions. Mayo Clinic Proceedings, 92(10), 1486 to 1493. n=5,829 physicians. doi.org
- 03Gold, K. J., Andrew, L. B., Goldman, E. B., and Schwenk, T. L. (2016). I would never want to have a mental health diagnosis on my record: a survey of female physicians on mental health diagnosis, treatment, and reporting. General Hospital Psychiatry, 43, 51 to 57. n=2,106. doi.org
- 04Saddawi-Konefka, D., Brown, A., Eisenhart, I., Hicks, K., Barrett, E., and Gold, J. A. (2021). Consistency between state medical license applications and recommendations regarding physician mental health. JAMA, 325(19), 2017 to 2018. 54 initial applications reviewed. pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- 05Douglas, R. N., Sharpe, E. E., Kraus, M., Saddawi-Konefka, D., Hanson, A. C., and Pulos, B. (2023). Mental health questions on state medical license applications and evaluation of updates. JAMA Network Open, 6(9), e2333360. 55 licensing boards, initial and renewal forms. pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- 06Federation of State Medical Boards. (2018). Physician wellness and burnout: report and recommendations of the workgroup on physician wellness and burnout. Adopted April 2018. fsmb.org
- 07Simmons, S., Feist, J. C., and Segres, A. (2024). Changing licensing and credentialing applications to promote health workers' mental health, Virginia, December 2022 to September 2023. American Journal of Public Health, 114(Suppl 2), 152 to 155. n=110 hospitals. pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- 08Heart of Safety Coalition. (2025). Clinician perceptions of barriers to access mental health care. Survey fielded by Medscape, 30 January to 12 February 2025, n=2,016 clinicians. Organisational research, not peer reviewed. stryker.com
- 09The Physicians Foundation. (2024). 2024 survey of America's current and future physicians. Fielded 17 June to 16 July 2024, n=1,723 responses. Organisational research, not peer reviewed. physiciansfoundation.org
- 10Shanafelt, T. D., West, C. P., Sinsky, C., Trockel, M., Tutty, M., Wang, H., Carlasare, L. E., and Dyrbye, L. N. (2025). Changes in burnout and satisfaction with work-life integration in physicians and the general US working population between 2011 and 2023. Mayo Clinic Proceedings, 100(7), 1142 to 1158. n=7,643. mayoclinicproceedings.org)00668-2/fulltext
- 11Mata, D. A., Ramos, M. A., Bansal, N., Khan, R., Guille, C., Di Angelantonio, E., and Sen, S. (2015). Prevalence of depression and depressive symptoms among resident physicians: a systematic review and meta-analysis. JAMA, 314(22), 2373 to 2383. 54 studies, 17,560 individuals. doi.org
- 12Dutheil, F., Aubert, C., Pereira, B., Dambrun, M., Moustafa, F., Mermillod, M., Baker, J. S., Trousselard, M., Lesage, F. X., and Navel, V. (2019). Suicide among physicians and health-care workers: a systematic review and meta-analysis. PLoS ONE, 14(12), e0226361. doi.org
- 13Papa, A., Barile, J. P., Jia, H., Thompson, W. W., and Guerin, R. J. (2025). Gaps in mental health care-seeking among health care providers during the COVID-19 pandemic, United States, September 2022 to May 2023. MMWR, 74(2), 19 to 25. n=2,603. pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- 14Wang, P. S., Berglund, P., Olfson, M., Pincus, H. A., Wells, K. B., and Kessler, R. C. (2005). Failure and delay in initial treatment contact after first onset of mental disorders in the National Comorbidity Survey Replication. Archives of General Psychiatry, 62(6), 603 to 613. n=9,282. jamanetwork.com
- 15Dr. Lorna Breen Heroes' Foundation. (2026). Improving licensure and credentialing applications. Verification counts as of 15 May 2026. drlornabreen.org
Licensed Clinical Social Worker
Martha Fernandez, LCSW is Co-Founder of CEREVITY and a Licensed Clinical Social Worker licensed in California, seeing clients by telehealth nationwide through CEREVITY's network of independent licensed clinicians. USC-trained and bilingual in English and Spanish, she works with founders, executives, attorneys and pilots on burnout, anxiety and depression in high performers, on trauma, grief and high-stakes transitions, and on couples and relationship strain under pressure. Her clinical work draws on cognitive behavioral therapy, acceptance and commitment therapy, behavioral activation, and narrative and solution-focused approaches. She is the author of Wired to Burn.
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